The Great Wall of China wiki - full History and why made it in full Detail

The Great Wall of China History

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The Great Wall of China is said to be the one structure built by man on earth, which would be visible to observers on the moon. It covers a distance of 1,500 miles as the crow flies. From the Liaotung Peninsula Westward to the last fortress in Central Asia, it crosses the Northern provinces of China. But its actual course, twisting and turning, sweeping across deep valleys, covers over 2.000 miles. In the Eastern section, its height varies from 15 to 30 feet and its width from about 25 feet at the bottom to 15 feet at the top where there is a pathway wide enough for six horsemen to ride side by side, by parapets. When the wall was first built, it had about 25,000 towers, each 40 feet square and 40 feet high projecting from it every few hundred yards with holes from which, the defenders could shoot at attackers. Thousands of these towers are still standing. There are also many watch-towers on the enemy side, outside the wall on hilltops or passes. These and the towers of the wall were used for signalling with smoke or flags by day and with fire by night. The approach of invaders could be reported at once and reinforcements could be sent to any part of the frontier.

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The great Emperor Shih Huang Tijoined three earlier frontier walls to form a Great Wall, which was to act as a boundary between China and the north an 1. keep out the feared nomads of the Mongolian steppes. The wall was designed to strengthen the nation's defences; it was not then, as it later became in Ming times, a substitute for a strong army and State. Construction was started in about 221 B.C. and the structure was practically complete when Shih Huang Ti died in 210 B.C. The man who did most in carrying out the Emperor's plans was general Meng Tien, who, in 221 B.C., led an expedition against the Tartars with an army of 3,00,000 and drove the back from the Yellow River into the steppes and set his men to work on building the Wall. They were later joined by the thousands of convicts. ear in, year out, in icy winds and snowstorms in winter and in duststorms in summer, the work went on and so many men died that the wall was sometimes called the longest cemetery in the world. The core of the Wallis earth and stone, faced with brick and set in a stone foundation. In hilly places, the design was altered; two parallel ditches were dug out of the rock, 25 feet apart and great blocks of stone were laid in the trenches to a height of several feet. Along each side of these stones, baked bricks-about two feet long- were laid at right angles to the face of the Wall, joined together with a white mortar so hard that no nail could be driven into it. The space between the two brick walls was filled with earth, which was beaten down hard. North of Peking, the Wall follows mountain summits of such an altitude and steepness that even goats can hardly climb them. Further West, the Wall often follows the easiest route and here again, its design changes and it is built of yellow earth faced with a thin layer of brick or stone.

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